![]() The crown dimensions are comparable to those of the Sima de los Huesos sample and modern humans. The direct dating (104.3 ka) situates the molar within the Marine isotopic stage 5d. We provide a direct aspartic acid racemization dating of the molar. In order to better understand hominin diversity, our morphological and metrical results were compared with those of other hominins obtained from published research. We described the morphology of this human right lower third molar at both the outer enamel surface and the enamel–dentine junction by means of micro‐computed tomography. To present a new dental specimen that will provide additional evidence for a better understanding of early European Upper Pleistocene hominin morphological variability. 2D) has been scored as Korenhof’s type 1, since it displays a small crest running from the distal trigonid crest in a distal direction, that it is not connected to the any distinct. The strong lingual deviation of the central groove results in an atrophied metaconid and thus, the talonid crest is also lingually deviated and less symmetrical than in Korenhof’s prototype 2. At the EDJ we can distin- guish a short crest running from a low distal trigonid crest to the tip of the entoconid. 2C) the talonid crest is particularly evident at the OES. 2B), although the talonid is strongly reduced in its lingual side and the crests are mesially rotated. 2A) presents a clear type 2 pattern, also evident at the OES, with a distinct crest that runs from the mid-point of the distal trigonid crest to the tip of the entoconid. The expression of a talonid crest contributes to the atyp- ical conformation of these teeth (Fig. The four SH teeth with a talonid crest present a rela- tively complex occlusal morphology, due to the expression of accessory cusps and the rotation of the main cusps. Only one individual presents a type 1 (1.6% of the total SH molar sample and 4.5% of the SH M 3 sample). The most common pattern in SH is Type 2, present in 3 out of 4 cases and representing a 4.8% of the total SH lower molar sample and a 13.6% of the SH M 3 s sample. In order to compare our values for the deciduous sample with those obtained by Korenhof (1982) we included both antimeres. Table 5 specifies the frequency of occurrence of each of the six types of talonid crest patterns described by Korenhof (1982) at the EDJ of the SH, H. sapiens for the total molar sample remain significant. If only one antimere is included, only the differences between H. sapiens for the M 3 s and the total molar sample. If both antimeres are included, the differences are significant between SH and H. neanderthalensis for any of the categories studied (Table 4). There are no significant differences between SH and H. We did not find any talonid crests in our H. If we choose only one antimere (Turner et al., 1991) per individual, the frequencies are 14.2% (5 out of 35) for the total lower molar Neanderthal sample, 12.5% (2 out of 16) of the Neanderthal M 1 s, and 30% (3 out of 10) of the Neanderthal M 3 s. ![]() These represent 12.5% of the total Neanderthal sample (5 out of 40), the 10.5% of the Neanderthal M 1 s (2 out of 19) and 27.3% of the Neanderthal M 3 s (3 out of 11). neanderthalensis sample we found two M 1 s and three M 3 s with a talonid crest, all of them from the Krapina collection. If we choose only one antimere per individual, following the individual count method (Turner et al., 1991) the frequency of expression of talonid crests is 3 out of 43 SH lower permanent molars (7%) and 3 out of 18 (16.7%) of SH M 3 s. For SH permanent molars, the crest was absent in M 1 s and M 2 s, but it was present in four M 3 s, representing the 6.3% of the SH permanent lower molars sample (4 out of 63) and the 18.2% of the SH M 3 s sample (4 out of 22). Table 3 lists the specimens that present this feature. Table 2 presents the frequencies of expression of talonid crests in each of the studied groups. We provide the results of the Chi 2 test with both antimeres included (to maximize the N) and with only one antimere. ![]() Due to the small sample size, the statistical analyses were only applied to permanent molars. We performed a non-parametric Chi test (PAST, Hammer et al., 2001) to determine if the frequencies of expression of the talonid crests and the mesial entoconid ridge in each dental class, as well as the total molar sample, were significantly different ( P < 0.05) among groups.
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